Overrepresentation Of Ethnic Minorities Essay

Overrepresentation Of Ethnic Minorities Essay The overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in the Criminal Justice System resembles this: in 79.6 of captures in 2009-10 the individuals who were included grouped their ethnicity as white (Race and the CJS, 2010). In 2010 the rates for indictable offenses were higher for white people at 81% than for ethnic minorities, 74% for dark and 77% for Asians (Race and the CJS, 2010). Nonetheless, insights show that ethnic minorities are overrepresented at all phases of the Criminal Justice System. In 2009 Black individuals made up 2.7% of the populace matured 10 or more yet spoke to 8.0% of those captured in England and grains, while Asians comprised of 5.6% of the populace matured 10 or more and spoke to 5.6% of those captured in England and ridges (Race and the CJS, 2010). As ethnic minorities they are bound to be halted and looked by police, this prompts a more noteworthy likelihood of captures and thus may impact the manner in which their cases are managed as they progress through the re sulting phases of the criminal equity process. They are less inclined to be given genuine bail, and bound to be remanded in care than white guilty parties. In 2010 a higher level of ethnic minorities (Black 27%, Asian 29%, other 42%) were condemned to prompt guardianship for indictable offenses than whites (23%) (Race and the CJS, 2010). Ethnic minorities are likewise bound to get correctional sentences than white individuals and are overrepresented in parts of specific violations, for example, burglary, sedate offenses and - in certain territories guns offenses. Ethnic minorities are likewise bound to be the survivors of wrongdoings. It was found in the British wrongdoing overview 2010-11 that the danger of being a survivor of wrongdoing was higher for every single ethnic minority than white gatherings (Race and the CJS, 2010). Over a time of 5 years the danger of being a casualty of wrongdoing from the white gathering had essentially fallen by 8.0% while the decline in the danger of being a survivor of wrongdoing from ethnic gatherings was not factually critical. It is obvious that there are likewise varieties in the overrepresentation of various gatherings inside the ethnic minority classification and furthermore between sex, examples and levels of culpable additionally differ altogether (Race and the CJS, 2010). To limit this down this exploration, the article will concentrate basically on the overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in the condemning phases of the Criminal Justice System, despite the fact that it is perceived that those of Asian foundation are just marginally overrepresented in the jail populace in contrast with those of dark foundation. It doesn't mean there is no compelling reason to ask on whether they also endure segregation in the Criminal Justice System or not (Gabbidon, 2010). As per the Race Relations Act 1976, isolating against an individual dependent on racial grounds implies rewarding them less well than they ought to be dealt with; it is along these lines illicit to segregate through conveyance of merchandise, offices or administrations to the open dependent on racial grounds (John, 1987). This, be that as it may, doesn't make a difference to authorities speaking to the Crown as they are practicing forces to bar or rebuff. Judges are along these lines resistant w hen acting in legal limit; this implies the demonstration doesn't make a difference to the condemning of wrongdoers in the courts (Gabbidon, 2010). There have been questions to have this removed from enactment for it is contended that those in law implementation who have the ability to strip a person of their opportunity and freedom should act in regard of racial causes of the respondent (Michael, 1989). This assists with guaranteeing equity just as certainty of ethnic minorities in the legitimate framework. Ethnic minorities are additionally observed to be victimized by courts; they are substantially more seriously managed with regards to sentences got in courts, bound to be sent to jail than whites who have submitted a similar offense (Hood, 1992). To have the option to see if condemning is influenced by race and if segregation exists it would need to be clear that when all applicable legitimate factors are considered, a higher number of ethnic minorities are given a custodial sentence and additionally a more drawn out sentence (Marian, 1991). A system to address this overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in condemning is expected to unite offices and discover approaches to lessen it. The point of this examination article is to take a gander at writing and build up whether examples of condemning among ethnic minorities vary in a noteworthy manner from examples of condemning among whites. It will likewise take a gander at the nature and degree of the variety in condemning - if any whatsoever what may cause the variety and any accessible arrangement systems. The examination question that will be explored will at that point be: Does racial segregation exist in the condemning phases of the Criminal Justice System? It appears to be practically out of line to respond to such an exploration question without surveying general assessment on the condemning procedure and its connection to race as it tends to be accepted that their suppositions are significant despite the fact that not straightforwardly (Hough, 1998). The centrality of general assessment can be seen for instance in the perception that was made by the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Bingham. He saw that it would not appear to be directly for an adjudicator to overlook any general assessment when in court. Also the late and previous Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher noticed the significance of the joining of popular suppositions in the condemning discussion (Hough, 1998). To investigate the popular feelings on the job of race in the condemning procedures of the Criminal Justice System a poll was disseminated to a little example. The poll assisted with investigating such a possibly delicate point about race and condemning, particularly on the gr ounds that the surveys were unknown and finished in private. Key focuses were recognized that were utilized in the development of the inquiries (see informative supplement 1 for survey direct) these included accessible condemning choices for ethnic minorities, detainment for various kinds of offenses, sentence mercy and condemning length. This would sparkle light on the popular feelings and whether pressure from these assessments influences the dynamic in the condemning procedure of the Criminal Justice System and how this choice is impacted by the race of the litigant. Writing REVIEW Since the development of ethnic minorities in Britain with its top during the 1990s the enthusiasm for their advancement has expanded. The biggest portion of ethnic minorities was the individuals who grouped themselves as dark or Indian (Gabbidon, 2010). The development of ethnic minorities was not generally acknowledged and the opposition towards them was appeared through prejudice and viciousness. Not exclusively were ethnic minorities the casualties of these assaults yet they were likewise first to be captured and condemned for similar assaults (Gabbidon, 2010). The overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in wrongdoing and equity can be seen in early history, for instance through crafted by Frederick McClintocks violations of brutality (1963), which contemplates savage wrongdoings and finds that the conviction pace of individuals of color increments by 13% in a range of 10 years (McClintock,1963). This assists with advising the exploration question as it discusses the historical b ackdrop of race and separation. It is imperative to explore the strategy that happens when an individual is to be condemned, while inquiring about the impacts of race on the distinctions in condemning. This is clarified by Bowling and Phillips (2002), when they note that once a suspect has been accused of an offense at the police headquarters, their case document is sent to the crown arraignment administration (CPS) all together that they can settle on the choice about whether to continue to court with the case or to end the case wherein case the respondent doesn't need to go to court or deal with criminal indictments. Shaun L. Gabbidon draws from this further and claims it is from this that the variables that assume a job in such a choice can be resolved. As indicated by Gabbidon it is difficult to confirm that race influences or assumes a job in this choice as the race of the litigants isn't revealed (Gabbidon 2010). Demonstrating that race probably won't be focal in this choice. In any case, despite the fact tha t race probably won't have an impact at this stage, it is obvious to others, for example, Hood (1992), Mhlanga (1997) and Banks (1999) that race affects indictment, condemning and lawful portrayal. The condemning procedure is one of the significant phases of the Criminal Justice System, not exclusively is a significant choice to be made yet this is additionally how equity is viewed as being done (Ashworth, 1983). It is, in this way, critical to think about the races of the adjudicators themselves, which in England and Wales are transcendently white. This prompts quick presumptions that ethnic minorities are then naturally off guard (Mathews, 2009). Investigation into this issue may show minimal inclination in race and condemning, yet it is contended that if past offenses and the earnestness of the case are thought of, ethnic minorities are well on the way to get a harsher sentence (Blumstein, 1982). Ethnic minorities are believed to be fundamentally the same as, for instance with regards to social financial attributes and this might be viewed as influencing and additionally impacting the condemning choice. This can be found in an investigation led by Imogen Brown and Roy Hullin (1992). They took a gander at the dynamic procedure of more than 3,000 litigants, from this they found that over half of the dark respondents were jobless, this being more than twofold that of white or Asian respondents was viewed as impacting the choice (Brown and Hullin, 1992). The request on the job race has on condemning is expanded in the examination by Roger Hood (1992). Hood needed to discover the race impact of condemning and to do so he took a gander at 2,884 respondents who showed up in various Crown Courts in the West Midlands. The investigation was set to identif

euthanasia outline essays

killing framework articles B. intentional end of life by another by express solicitation of individual who bites the dust C. euthanasia has numerous implications because of good/ethincal/strict terms-mass disarray A. passive willful extermination accelerating passing of individual by pulling back some type of life support 2. stopping clinical methods, meds, and so forth. 5. most normal offering morphine to patient to control torment however causing a sooner passing (given to individuals who are in critical condition or in a vegetative state) B. active willful extermination making demise through direct activity with reaction a solicitation from that individual, benevolence slaughtering C. physician helped self destruction doctor supplies information as well as methods for ending it all model: deadly portion of dozing pills, carbon monoxide gas D. involuntary killing slaughtering of individual without wanting to type of homicide A. quality of human life is a higher priority than length of life B. death is a decent clinical treatment b/c it stops the enduring of the patient C. euthanasia may turn into a financial need because of the expansion of new illnesses, AIDS, and their significant expenses D. termination of life of creatures  ¡putting it out if its miseryâ ¡-yet with regards to people, we permit forbearing to make sure they can live 1. people in vegetative state have delayed existences which are meaning less A. euthanasia is simply one more term for homicide 1. the demise of people ought to be in the hands of god not ourselves 2. killing isn't advocated using any and all means C. who is to choose when the patientâ ¡s mind is oblivious D. if willful extermination is permitted, individuals might be under the feeling that self destruction ... <!

Types of Antidepressants for Panic Disorder

Types of Antidepressants for Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Classes of Antidepressants for Treating Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 10, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 04, 2019 Arman Zhenikeyev/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions When first introduced in the 1950s, antidepressant medication was used to help reduce the symptoms of depression. However, research has shown that antidepressants can effectively treat a variety of mood and anxiety disorders. Antidepressants are currently one of the most common treatment options for panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia). How Antidepressants Treat Panic Disorder Neurotransmitters are naturally-occurring chemicals in the brain and are considered to be imbalanced for people with mood and anxiety disorders. Antidepressants work by affecting these neurotransmitters in a way that can help reduce anxiety and decrease the frequency and intensity of panic attacks. Different classes of antidepressants influence various types of neurotransmitters. The most frequently prescribed groups of antidepressants for panic disorder include the following. The Top Treatment Options for Panic Disorder Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, are a popular type of antidepressant that can be used to treat panic disorder. SSRIs work to balance serotonin, a neurotransmitter thats associated with the regulation of several bodily functions, including mood and sleep. By preventing your brain cells from absorbing serotonin, SSRIs can assist in enhancing mood and reducing feelings of panic and anxiety. SSRIs were first introduced in the United States in the 1980s and have continued to remain a popular treatment option for numerous mental health disorders. SSRIs are often preferred due to their safety, effectiveness, and likelihood of producing fewer side effects than other types of antidepressants. Some of the most common SSRIs include: Prozac (fluoxetine)Zoloft (sertraline)Paxil (paroxetine)Celexa (citalopram) How SSRIs Are Used to Treat Panic Disorder Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Tricyclic antidepressants, or TCAs, originated in the 1950s. Despite becoming less popular since the introduction of SSRIs, TCAs are still used to successfully treat anxiety and mood disorders. Similar to SSRIs, TCAs also work to balance serotonin levels. TCAs also affect norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter linked to alertness and the fight-or-flight stress response. Some common TCAs include: Elavil (amitriptyline)Asendin (amoxapine)Norpramin (desipramine)Adapin, Sinequan (doxepin)Tofranil (imipramine)Pamelor (nortriptyline)Vivactil (protriptyline)Surmontil (trimipramine) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) First available in the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are one of the earliest types of antidepressants. Due to the many dietary restrictions and potentially dangerous drug interactions associated with MAOIs, SSRIs and TCAs are often preferred over them. MAOIs are, however, still considered to be effective in treating conditions related to mood and anxiety. Like TCAs, MAOIs influence the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine. MAOIs additionally stabilize dopamine, a neurotransmitter thats linked to a variety of functions, such as a persons energy levels, physical movements, and feelings of motivation. Some common MAOIs include: Nardil (phenelzine)Parnate (tranylcypromine)Marplan (isocarboxazid)Emsam (selegiline) Antidepressants and Suicide Risk A warning was issued in 2007 by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after research showed a link between antidepressant use and the risk of suicide. Black Box Warning The FDA requires a black box warning on all  antidepressants  because of an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in young adults, between ages 18 and 24, during initial treatment (first one to two months of therapy).   Most people on antidepressants will not run into this risk. However, young people just beginning on an antidepressant should be carefully monitored for increased depression, thoughts of suicide, and any unusual behaviors. Always consult your doctor if you have any questions and/or concerns about your antidepressant prescription.

The ADA Case Study - 735 Words

The ADA has three requirements for a disability, and employee if covered under the ADA if they meet just one of the requirements; 1. A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one of more major life actives 2. A record of such an impairment 3. Being regarded as having such an impairment Even with this broad definition, pregnancy simply isn’t a disability and a pregnant employee wouldn’t be guaranteed protection. In 2008 the ADAAA was introduced which made it easier for pregnant women who suffered pregnancy related disabilities to establish they do have disabilities and are entitled to reasonable accommodations under the ADA (Eeoc.gov, 2017). These accommodations would cover Abby’s need to have a 10lb lifting restriction as†¦show more content†¦It goes on to state that it is the burden of the employer to demonstrate a reason they cannot reasonably accommodate an employee’s beliefs and practices without undue hardships (Walsh, 2014). Gunther would first need to establish prima facie of failure to reasonably accommodate religion. 1. The existence of a sincere religious belief or practice that conflicts with an employment requirement 2. The employer was informed of the conflicting belief or practice 3. The employee or applicant suffered an adverse employment outcome because of adhering to the religious belief or practice Once Gunther established prima facie, Central Perk would have to show the following: 1. A reasonable accommodation was offered but not accepted 2. No reasonable accommodation without undue hardship was available† (Walsh, 2014) The existence of a sincere religious belief or practice that conflicts with an employment requirement Even though Kemet is not a widely known religion, Gunther has demonstrated the sincere religious belief required by the EEOC. The tattoos he has are required by his religion and any concealment of the tattoos runs contrary to its belief system. The employer was informed of the conflicting belief or practice Gunther’s tattoos have never been discussed with his current manager, which indicates he never informed Central Perk of the possible conflict. Employees are required toShow MoreRelatedADA Case Study701 Words   |  3 Pagesmining, and maritime. After researching ADA’s website I found the current ADA regulations and past regulations regarding prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities. I believe it’s important to oversee the development within ADA regulations over a period of time to ensure proper needs and services to patients. I find it interesting that ADA’s website publishes present cases and the information on the case to allow others to become aware of the discrimination complaints that occursRead MoreAda Concerns Case Study . 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The cost amounts â€Å"accounts for more than 1 in 5 health care dollars in the U.S.,† and about 62% of cost being covered by government insurance (American Diabetes, 2013)Read MoreThe Rate Of Discrimination At Work Place With People With Disabilities Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscrimination – Case studies and rate examined. Introduction: The main purpose to write the Research Paper is to review or examined the rate of disability Discrimination including the case studies or societal reaction to the disability discrimination. This Research review the rate of discrimination at work place with people having disabilities. The paper mainly focus on the examination on the rate of Employment disability discrimination. Although It been 20 years Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA) 1990Read MoreThe Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): A Good Start Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesaccommodations for the employee (ADA Home Page). Several of the stated sections include topics such as harassment on grounds of a disability, adjustments to the workplace, fair treatment, and victimizing. The topic of adjustments has many specifications because of the variety of changes that may be required for certain individuals (ADA Home Page). However, there have been lawsuits filed because an employer has refused making the alterations for his/her employee. In one case, Board of Trustees v. GarrettRead MoreUse of Hemoglobin A1C to Diagnose Diabetes Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the International Diabetes Federation, released a report that recommended the use of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to diagnose diabetes (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2013; International Expert Committee, 2009). HbA1c is a widely used marker of chronic glycemia, because it reflects an individual’s average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month time period (ADA, 2013). Also, HbA1c is largely used asRead MoreMobileye1613 Words   |  7 PagesMobil Eye Case A) Mobileye, founded by Amnon Shashua and Ziv Aviram, is a company leading the market in technologically advanced software algorithms, system-on-chips, and applications customized to extensively process visual information for the use of advanced driver assistance systems, or ADAS. Mobileye is the market leader for ADAS because of its unmatched customer value proposition, or CVP; focusing on continuously improving safety, avoiding accidents, and saving lives in an increasingly affordableRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1577 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act I Introduction The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is federal legislation designed to prevent discrimination against disabled people. It applies to all disabled persons, no matter the nature of their disability. This paper examines the ADA and discusses some of the ramifications of the legislation. II Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act (hereafter ADA) was enacted in 1990, and its purpose is stated thusly: â€Å"The Americans with DisabilitiesRead MoreDiabetes Is A Serious Health Problem Gaining Increasing Global Attention From Governments Public Health Organizations1446 Words   |  6 Pagesefforts in publicising helpful knowledge and practices concerning diabetes to improve the treatment of diabetes in Nigeria (IDF, n.d.). Among the different types of diabetes, Type 2 diabetes is the most common - accounting up to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes (CDC, 2015). Researches have shown that Type 2 diabetes is a preventable health disorder (Chatterton, et al., 2012; Alouki, et al., 2016) nevertheless, one out of eleven people has diabetes (IDF, 2015b). 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Is Falling Failure or Freedom Essay - 1279 Words

Is Falling Failure or Freedom? What defines a â€Å"fall†? Some would say that a fall is a freeing from the restrictions of the oppression of a supreme being. Others would say that a fall is the punishment that comes from foolishly disobeying the one who is in authority over you. The falls in book nine of â€Å"Paradise Lost† and â€Å"Othello† both have parallels in the reasons and methods in which revenge was carried out and perfection was destroyed. But these stories end with different victors and very different balances of power. The fall of â€Å"Paradise Lost† does have motives and patterns common with the fall of â€Å"Othello.† Each story establishes the authority of a Supreme Being, God the creator and Othello respectively. God the creator made†¦show more content†¦God tells Adam and Eve that they may eat of any tree in the garden, but they must not eat of the tree in the middle of the garden, which is the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. God told Adam and Eve that if they ate of the tree they would surely die. Satan, who is jealous of the position of glory that God has put man in, plots his revenge against God. Satan wants to destroy the perfection of God’s creation, and cause the consequences of disobedience to come upon mankind as it did upon him at the time of his own rebellion against God. Satan had been cast out of heaven and eternally damned to hell, and he planned that man would have to face the same fate if they would disobey God. Satan deceived Eve and Eve d isobeyed God, and which event signified the fall of man. The death God said would come if they ate the fruit was not a physical death, but a spiritual death that would affect life on earth and the fate of man after death. To the earth it brought pain and sorrow, greed, jealousy, sin, anger, and any unpleasant feeling or unfulfilling work. Eternally, man’s disobedience brought exactly what Satan wished for, the damnation of imperfect mankind to an eternity in hell, only because God is perfect and can not look upon imperfection. But the actual end of the story is not in line with this loss of hope. The end is what differs greatly from the end of â€Å"Othello.† In â€Å"Othello†, Iago is jealous of the fact that OthelloShow MoreRelatedKafkas The Metamorphosis : Societal Normality Versus The Individual1626 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal Normality versus the Individual â€Å"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.† Although perhaps a trivial interpretation of the role of conformity, John F. 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Job as a Child Protective Investigator (CPI) Free Essays

string(81) " and written communication as forms of disseminating information throughout CPS\." I will be talking about my current job as a Child Protective Investigator (CPI) also known as Child Protective Services (or CPS). This is the governmental agency that is tasked with investigating child abuse or neglect. The primary concern of a CPI is the safety of the child; they do this by assessing the risk involved. We will write a custom essay sample on Job as a Child Protective Investigator (CPI) or any similar topic only for you Order Now By weighing that risk the CPI has to make the decision rather to remove the children or child from the home or place services within the home that will allow them to function as a family in a more productive manner. Once the CPI has made the decision to remove the child or children, the next step in the process is find and create a plan that will eventually return the child to a more proficient and safer family environment. The CPI will assign the family to a caseworker who is tasked with developing a plan to administer to the parents that will educate them on better ways to care for the children and meet all their needs, and create and environment free from abuse or neglect. CPI’s deal with a variety of families, with different backgrounds, values, religions, cultures and beliefs, which have a bearing on the way they parent; this means that CPS has be flexible and understanding when it comes to dealing with the problems they face within these family structures. The fact is that the American population is continually changing for many reasons such as; ethnically, culturally, racially, and linguistically based on the diverse populations that are a part of the US fabric. CPS organizations must create and implement a better and improving systemic change in order to understand and meet the needs of this diverse population of families. In this ever changing environment CPS must be even better prepared and become an even more effective communicator when it comes to helping and working with our families and providers. I have been working as a CPI for over 2  ½ years and will share with you what I think this organization operates like and what makes it tick. I will evaluate the Organizational Behavior of Child Protective Services and explain the weakness or strengths I have faced since being a part of this organization. First what is Organizational Behavior? It is defined as the study and employment of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. Organizational behavior is not the evaluation of how the organization will behave, but rather the evaluation of the people or individuals behavior within the organizational setting. They study the behavior of the individuals as well as group settings. The study and purpose of organizational behavior is for the leaders to gain a better understanding of those things that may change, interrupt or influence individual and sectional dynamics within a company setting so that the organization can become a more effective and proficient business. A large part of organizational behavior is researching and evaluating as to provide leaders with the needed resources, information and tools they will have to have in order to successfully train, select and retain personal in a manner that would benefit both the personal and the organization. Organizational culture is driven by â€Å"competition and a strong desire to deliver results and accomplish goals†. (Kinicki. and Kreitner 2009, pg. 43). I believe that based on the child Protective services (CPS) organizational culture the concept used is the ‘salad bowl’ because of the diversity within the organization. I say this because many of the CPI’s and workers are of different races, cultures, ages, sexual orientation, gender, ethnicity and physical ability. I believe that this diverse culture is very good for this organization it provides a very positive environment which translates into positive productivity. CPI’s use multiple types of strategies and steps to ensure good production and good service. Such as reading the families background if they had a prior case as many of them do and checking law enforcement reports to see what are the families issues, culture and background prior to going out on the case which will give the CPI a better insight on the type of family and the concerns they are facing. I believe the culture of CPS as an organization is evident by the values, norms, organizational beliefs, goals and many other primary factors. This also relates to all internal interactions and any informal and formal implementation. In CPS there is a strong mutual respect for each other and the CPI’s are supported, encouraged allowed to do what they think is needed to meet the family and organizational goals and to continue to develop and hone their skills in the field. Because CPI’s work primarily alone in the field, they are entrusted with decision-making and execution in the absence of their leaders. Many times the CPI will have to attack a problem and make a decision on the spot and may not be able to get into contact with the supervisor therefore leaders must have the type of people they can trust and rely on to make the best decision without guidance. In CPS you can see that the organizations culture is evident in their goals, mission statement, integrity, standards, values, and ethics. The mission statement of CPS is to provide proficient, caring and productive services to the protection of children and their families; to seek the improvement and protection of abused children and to seek reunification for the families and provide family the education tools required for the child to remain in the home; and to meet and exceed the needs of the families using innovative and unique products, resources and services. To create and provide an equal, balanced and great place for the CPIs to work and excel. Because of the different cultures and people CPI’s face in this business there are multiple types of communication used and embraced by CPS. CPS uses a variety of both verbal and written communication as forms of disseminating information throughout CPS. You read "Job as a Child Protective Investigator (CPI)" in category "Papers" The type of communication that is used is dependent upon the importance of information and how quickly it needs to be provided. Some of these communication devices are: emails, brochures, company websites, meetings, notice boards, letters, telephone, and texting. What the CPS tries to do is to ensure that the communication is always open and that it represents and displays the culture of CPS. Communication devices play a major role in CPS, because many of the families we come into contact with have disabilities which may require a different type of communication, such as sign language interpreters, virtual websites may have to be used because the interpreter may be in another state, like interpreters for people that speak different languages and so on. It is vital to be able to communicate the message you are trying to convey to these families in a manner they can relate to, because bad communication can be destructive to the fabric of this family and there well-being. CPS believes that the key to the success of this organization is to ensure effective leadership and that the leaders have strong leadership, communication, management, and people skills, as well as be compassionate and caring when it comes to child protection. In CPS, the leadership hierarchical of authority flows from the upper management down to the CPI’s and their supervisors. But this process of leadership is of a democratic type leadership because CPI’s and workers have the chance to voice their concerns and participate in decisions making that will affect the organization. But if conflict arises the final decision is made by the supervisors and higher. The higher hierarchical do make the decision on policies and procedures but will usually have meeting and conferences asking the opinions and concerns about upcoming changes, if it is something that is coming down the pipeline that is more of a directive they will try to give the organization the time and information needed to prepare for this change in policy or procedures. Leadership tries to work with CPI’s and try and understand what their concerns are as they are the ones dealing with the everyday changes within the community and families on a day to day basis. It is not just important for the leaders to be in touch with their CPI’s, but to be able to relate to the issues and concerns they have about what they are seeing in the field. If a leader shows the compassion, understanding and empathy to what their CPI’s is going through, they will without a doubt gain their loyalty and trust. If CPI’s feel they cannot trust their supervisors they have an open door policy for CPI’s to come in and voice their concerns without reprisal. CPS has a code of conduct which applies to all members of the organization and is enforced if abused. These Codes of Conduct embodies all the ethical policies and procedures to be followed. This code of conduct makes CPIs and other workers of CPS feel they have a voice and make them feel empowered and not afraid to attack a situation or problem. CPS also has a Whistle blowers protection policies implemented within this organization. I think this policy creates trust within the organization and its leadership, and CPI’s feel that they are an asset to the company and are valued. When it comes to motivation how to motivate people varies from person to person; but it is vital to the success of a company that the leaders have the ability to motivate their CPIs and workers in order to be successful and more productive. The best way for leaders to do this is to know their people and what makes them tick. Because I may be motivated by time off and another person may be motivated by money. In CPS motivation is needed and imperative for CPI’s to go out day in and day out and be productive when facing such grim situations. For instance I remember a week where I was being overwhelmed with cases, working late hours every day, and I ran into a case where a 6 year old girl was being molested by the step-father and the uncle and the mother was aware of it. This case really drained me and it took everything I had as a man and a person to get up the next day and go back out to do this job. I remember my supervisor called me into the office and said â€Å"I can see this week has been hard on you; take the day off and go home and be with your family, I got your cases for the day†. This meant a lot to me and it was the motivation I needed to get through another day when I returned, it was the time off I needed and my supervisor showed me he understood and cared for what I was going through. From that day on there was nothing he could ask me I would not do, he earned my respect and loyalty. This is part of the culture that is CPS, CPI’s are given their assignments and goals and what are expected of them and if needed, to work as groups. CPI’s are given continuous training to improve their knowledge and skills. CPS tries and implements incentives and rewards, promotions are available if you are productive and efficient in your job performance. CPI’s are given Pay raises, time off and other incentives as a form to motivate them. CPI privacy is safeguarded through the CPS compliance officer; this is an important factor to CPI’s as they deal with sensitive situations. CPI’s has the responsibility of making critical decisions when it comes to child protection. What this means is CPI’s has to have strong decision making skills, this is accomplished by them knowing and understanding their emotional quotient. CPS encourages the CPI’s to seek this both personally and professionally by using classes provided on the website, through seminars, sessions and provided guest speakers. When CPI’s and workers are aware and in control of their feelings and emotions it resonates throughout the organization and they are much more productive and confident. It is important that CPI’s have the ability to excess their interpersonal and intrapersonal emotions to help them to become a more well-rounded CPI within their jobs. They can do this by being more self-aware, self-regulated, self- motivated, having stronger social skills and being empathetic towards the cases and families that encounter. CPS provides CPI’s with emotional training workshops and training coaches to help them become more proficient and productive. For instance I remember when I first got this job, when I received the report on the family and looked at what some of the prior reports were I found myself forming opinions about the family before I ever met them or conducted the investigation into the allegations. My supervisor taught me that it is important to keep your personal feeling out of the process and find the truth and only deal with the truth. Because people change over time and allegations are just that allegations until they are proven otherwise. This is the best advice I got when it came to this job and the knowledge I needed to be a more productive investigator. CPS is not a virtual organization but does use virtual organizational elements to enhance the technical experience needed to keep up in this fast pace and growing organization. We are a very large organization and are spreaded out through several regions, not only are we as child protective investigators spread thin; we are in contact and have to use many other resources and organizations that help us provide services to our clients and families. These other entities and organizations include , medical personal, Psychologist and other mental personal and agencies, law enforcement, counselors, schools, lawyers and non-profit agencies to name a few. So when we have what we call a staffing which involves many of these different people and organizations, they are spread out all over the city and state. So this can be very difficult to get them all in one place based on each individual busy schedule. This is where the virtual elements came in as a manner in which to provide a tool that allows us to all be in different places and still be able to come together and address an issue. We are able to do this through virtual elements like; virtual meetings, classes, teleconferences, virtual speaker conferences, etc†¦ to be able to reach and communicate with other CPS personal and offices around the country and state. By using virtual elements it saves time, resources and money and we can effectively reach our goals and get out our message to a large audience with little complication. In conclusion, I think it is imperative that an organization should continuously evaluate their organizational behavior as a manner of determining how effective their process and business policies and procedures are doing. You must try and understand what are the strengths and weaknesses of your organizations performance and what is needed to fix it so your organization can move forward in a positive and successful manner. CPS is an organization that cannot afford to fall behind or lack in any form of technical, environmental or any other change as it relates to the services they provide to families. CPS has a very important job and it requires us to be proficient, up to date and fully trained so we can ensure that nothing but the best service is being provided to children who are being abused and families that require assistance. I believe this is the kind of job that requires people that care, are empathetic, and have a burning need to help others because we cannot afford to drop the ball when it comes to children safety. How to cite Job as a Child Protective Investigator (CPI), Papers

Natural Birth free essay sample

Although it remains rare in the United States, planned home birth has drawn increasing attention and criticism in the mainstream media and has come under attack from organized medicine. Yet, recent peer-reviewed studies contribute to the evidence base supporting home birth as a safe option for low-risk women attended by skilled midwifes. I hope to achieve this with a thorough background of medical mistakes that has dehumanized the birthing process for women. It is the purpose of this paper to prove that home births are just as safe as hospital births in low risk women. Home birth with a trained midwife should be an option available to low-risk women. This paper will focus on the history on medicine replacing midwives, the current era of obstetrics and finally the midwives and home birth. Natural Birth: The Ultimate Sacrifice The birth of a child is an experience that most men and women in the United States will go through. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Birth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a joyous occasion; however, it can also be a point in one’s life where they are overwhelmed with information and many things to do. Not only are expectant parents having to get their house ready and having to learn numerous things about pregnancy an new baby care, they also must become informed about the endless array of test, medical procedures, and standards of practice commonly used in the field of obstetrics today. Many do not have the time to learn about all the test, procedures and interventions; rather they trust their care provider’s opinion or what friends or family members who have already had children tell them. Most of these expectant parents do not consider delivery outside of a hospital for several reasons, some being perceived safety, hospital birth being standard, or not knowing that there was another option. It is typical; most expectant parents do not challenge or question anything obstetricians or the hospital staff tells them is best for their baby. Many do not challenge or question the use of test, procedures and other interventions because these practices have become so common and accepted today that their use is expected and their safety is rarely challenged. Many women who choose to have a hospital birth expect to have an IV, electronic fetal monitoring and an epidural because the use of these procedures has become so common and standard that their safety is automatically assumed. But because something is widely used and accepted does not mean that it is safe. To best illustrate this point think back to when prophylactic forceps deliveries were common and therefore assumed safe. It took decades before the obstetric community finally agreed that prophylactic forceps deliveries were not in the best of interest of mothers and babies. But what about the procedures and interventions used today: are they safe? Exploring the option of home and birthing center births with midwives for low-risk women should be at the core of the national health care reform and research. Instead, several generations of high-tech, low-touch birth and a pervasive cultural belief that birth is imminently dangerous – even in healthy, low-risk women – has led to powerful cultural blinders that limit options for women. The decision to have a natural birth should be embraced and not ostracized because it is not the social norm. Giving birth carries a much bigger impact than a onetime mere medical event. It is the purpose of this paper to pay respect to the hundreds of women that ripple the waters in exchange for the ultimate experience. For the vast majority of history, childbirth has been a â€Å"woman’s thing† and was attended by midwives at home. The word midwife itself means with the woman. Men themselves were not allowed in the birth chamber and thus were excluded from witnessing this uniquely female act. This way of practice remained unchanged for most of history as we know it. Men did began making their way into childbirth; however, and within a short period of time, surgeon and physician guilds were formed. Eventually birth was pushed from home to hospital and out of control of the ones it meant the most to. The first men to enter the birth chamber were not doctors; they were the barber-surgeons who were, as their name says, hair cutters and beard shavers; however, the also had skills which included using their knives and other tools for bloodletting and extracting dead babies (Blumenfeld-Kosinski 1990). When it became obvious that the mother or child was going to die because she could not deliver the baby, the doctor-surgeons were called in t attempt to save a life. They would use their tools to take the baby out of the woman’s body in pieces: the cranioclast would crush open the baby’s skull, the crochets would dismember it and remove it in pieces. Eventually a guild of surgeons formed in England around 1540 and made statute that specifically stated, â€Å"No carpenter, smith, weaver, or woman shall practice surgery† (Mitford 1992). Midwifery was the first field of medicine taught in medical schools and there was no standard curriculum; therefore, many of the new doctors were inadequately trained Medical school training did not include clinical training and the vast majority of new doctors had not witnessed on solitary delivery when that attended their first paying patient and because of this most of the early doctors did more harm than good (Wertz and Wertz 1989). New interventions continued into the twentieth century. And along with this time period of great advances in health came breakthrough new medical interventions into childbirth, each with their own unrecognized and potentially dangerous risks and side effects. How can anyone forget the physical, emotional, and psychological results of DES (diethylstilbestrol), x-rays, discouraged breastfeeding, separation of families during labor and the belief that babies didn’t feel pain. Diethylstilbestrol, more commonly known as DES, was the first synthetic estrogen ever synthesized and prescribed to millions of pregnant women between 1938 and 1971. Believing that low levels of estrogen caused miscarriages, DES was hailed as a wonder drug because it supposedly prevented miscarriages, was cheap to produce and could be taken orally. In 1947, under much pressure from major drug companies, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved DES for use during pregnancy. In 1952, questions concerning the effectiveness of DES in preventing miscarriages were raised. The appearance of clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) began appearing in young women in 1901; and in 1971. The FDA then advised against the use of DES during pregnancy but some physicians continued to prescribe the drug to pregnant women. The DES incident was an embarrassment to the FDA (Northrup 1994). The women who took DES were at an increased risk for breast cancer. And as this paper will show, this was just the tip of the iceberg. Following DES, x-rays were introduced. They were considered safe and commonly used for almost 50 years-until the negative consequences on embryogenesis, carcinogenesis and genetic mutations were discovered in the late 1950’s. Fetuses and children are ten to twenty times more susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of radiation because their cells are rapidly dividing, and children born to mothers who had x-rays have a higher incidence of leukemia, Down’s syndrome, and among the daughters, more miscarriages and fetal deaths during their childbearing years. The genetic mutations that occurred can be passed down to subsequent generations (Cunningham 1997). X-rays were used for everything from determining gestational age, multiple pregnancy, presentation of baby, and most commonly, pelvic measurements of the mother, all of which could have been determined by less intrusive ways. Obstetricians, and pediatricians, in this era believed that babies did not feel pain and if there is one thing even the most uneducated person knows, it is that babies do feel pain. The â€Å"no pain† belief was so strong that surgical procedures were done without anesthesia or anesthetic. And what is even more appalling about this is that circumcision without pain relief for infant boys continued beyond this era and into the 1990’s and some speculate that anesthesia/anesthetic is not used 100% of the time even today (Ritter 1992). According to current ethical guidelines, surgical procedures cannot be performed on research animals without anesthesia. The following is a statement made by Marilyn Milos after viewing an infant circumcision without any pain relief: †¦The silence was broken by a piercing scream-the baby’s reaction to having his foreskin pinched and crushed as the doctor attached the clamps to his penis. The shriek intensified when the doctor inserted an instrument between the foreskin and the glans, tearing the two structures apart†¦the baby started shaking his head back and forth- the only part of his body free to move-as the doctor used another clamp to crush the foreskin lengthwise, which he then cut†¦The baby began to gasp and choke, breathless from his screams. How could anyone say circumcision is painless when the suffering is so obvious†¦? (Milos ) But yet, physicians felt that the response express by the infant during the circumcision were not due to pain. Thankfully, today most circumcisions are performed with some form of pain relief and physicians acknowledge that babies do feel pain. In the current era of medicine and child birth, there are various methods used but this paper will focus on those with the worst outcomes. Amniotomy, the artificial rupturing of membranes, is performed by obstetricians who wish to speed up the natural process of labor, check for signs of fetal distress or for the insertion of an internal fetal monitor. While amniotomy does in fact cause labor to speed up, the complications include cord prolapsed in which the umbilical cord comes down before the baby and results in a life-threatening situation typically requiring an emergency cesarean, cord compression during contractions, greater head molding and an effect on the fetal heart rate ( Goer 1995). It is common place in today’s hospital to keep laboring women from eating and drinking during labor. The belief surrounding the policy of nothing by mouth is fear that a woman under general anesthesia will aspirate the stomach contents. Today general anesthesia has been replaced with epidural anesthesia, thus eliminating the use of general anesthesia and the chance of aspiration. The researchers of one study stated that eating and drinking in labor are not always a factor in maternal aspiration but faulty anesthesia administration almost always is ( Broach and Newton 1988). What is puzzling is that it is not humane to let a woman experience some pain during labor, but it is human to let her starve during a physically demanding process in her life. The national cesarean section in 1965 was at 4. 5% and has quickly risen to 32% as of 2011 (Hamilton et al. 2012). It is believed by many in the medical community that cesareans sections reduce the perinatal mortality rate and many also believe that cesarean delivery is safer for the baby, but neither of these are true. Cesarean sections do have adverse effects on both mother and baby when compared with a vaginal delivery. The risks to the mother, other than that of increased maternal mortality, include damage to uterine blood vessel, damage to the urinary bladder, respiratory complication and lower subsequent fertility. Why has this number ballooned out of proportion? ChildBirth Connection offers the following bulleted points: The following interconnected factors appear to contribute to the high cesarean rate: Low priority of enhancing womens own abilities to give birth, Side effects of common labor interventions, Refusal to offer the informed choice of vaginal birth, and limited awareness of harms that are more likely with cesarean section. (ChildBirth Connection) It is the job of every medical professional to provide and offer these answers to new and existing parents, not just for stats but for the well being of those they care for and the life they are going to bring into the world. Medical professionals tend to neglect the emotional and psychological aspects of procedures, but they are just as important as more and more women suffer from postpartum depression, these issues need to be addressed. So how are midwives and home birth so different from hospital births? The explanations are virtually endless, but revolve around a few central issues; following evidence-based practice, prevention instead of intervention, giving control of the birth process back to women, and trusting women’s ability to give birth. Childbirth is a natural and normal process in a womans’s life and a woman’s body is well designed to birth a baby. Midwives have a general philosophy that as long as everything is progressing smoothly, whether fast or slow, and there are no signs of tension or stress in the mother or baby, there is no need for interventions. Each womans labor is different and her experience is unique so there really is not a concept of a â€Å"normal labor and delivery†. Some labors are 30 minutes and others may last 3 days. Some women feel little or no pain during birth and other find the contractions excruciating. Some women prefer to eat in labor and some cant. Midwives respect and appreciate this uniqueness, where obstetricians find it pathological and must do something to make it more normal and thus controllable. Midwives follow a care model which revolves around pregnancy and birth as normal events. They focus on prevention rather than intervention or treatment. Every intervention discussed previously is rarely, if ever used in a typical midwife-attended home birth. support during labor is used instead of anesthetics or anesthesia. Midwives aim to build the mothers confidence in herself and in her body’s ability to give birth without the use of medical interventions by educating her about the various opinions available to her and encouraging her during the rough parts of the pregnancy, labor or delivery. Midwives encourage the partners to emotionally an physically support their pregnant partner, exercise and ear properly with their partner, as well as educate them about the entire process of bringing a child into the world. Medicine has led to a decrease in women’s confidence in their ability to give birth. Women have become used to hearing about or having medical interventions used during pregnancy and childbirth that they have begun to feel that they simply couldn’t have a baby without it. The decrease in women’s ability to give birth afflicts our society as a whole and has led to the increased dependence on the medical system. Women depend on their doctors to confirm their pregnancy with a blood test and then they rely on the doctor to tell them their exact due date. Ultrasounds to judge the growth rate of the developing baby has replaced relying on obtaining and adequate nutrition and having an appropriate weight gain. These views have caused so many women to think of pregnancy and childbirth as something that they have to go through in order to have a baby instead of a moving and power experience-after all how can it be a powerful experience when you are powerless. Low risk mothers should have the right to decide if she wants to delivery her baby at home. Who are we to rob them of the ultimate sacrifice?

Free Essays on Favorite Teacher

My Favorite Teacher As a student growing up I had a lot of teachers like everyone else, but one teacher who really stimulated me was Mrs. Sandra Gregg. Mrs. Gregg is still today an elementary teacher at Brunson-Dargan Elementary School. There are many reasons why she stimulated me to become a teacher. The most important qualities she possesses are: she shows dedication through her students, patience through her teaching abilities, devotion through her work and most importantly is her love for all her students. Mrs. Gregg is an excellent role model for many children because she has many unique qualities that a lot of teachers lack today. Mrs. Gregg showed an enormous amount of patience to her students. If a student did not do their homework she never got frustrated instead she had many useful techniques to motivate her students to apply themselves. The way she approached a student who did not do their homework was by sitting next to them during class and by spending more time one on one with that student. There was never a wrong answer in her class and she encouraged her students to learn by reading stories, writing letters to each other and by drawing pictures. Mrs. Gregg always gave her students a hug just for showing an effort in her class, which showed me her love for us. The final yet greatest quality Mrs. Gregg possesses is that through her work she demonstrates her devotion to teaching. Anyone who knows her can see how committed she is to her work. She is one of those individuals who are gifted with the job that they do because she brings out the best qualities in her students. She inspires her students to be motivated to learn and to belief in themselves. In my opinion the greatest role model as a teacher is one who can achieve all these qualities and change lives like Mrs. Gregg has done already. The reason why I want to become a teacher is to help students be motivated to learn. I also want to make a difference in... Free Essays on Favorite Teacher Free Essays on Favorite Teacher My Favorite Teacher As a student growing up I had a lot of teachers like everyone else, but one teacher who really stimulated me was Mrs. Sandra Gregg. Mrs. Gregg is still today an elementary teacher at Brunson-Dargan Elementary School. There are many reasons why she stimulated me to become a teacher. The most important qualities she possesses are: she shows dedication through her students, patience through her teaching abilities, devotion through her work and most importantly is her love for all her students. Mrs. Gregg is an excellent role model for many children because she has many unique qualities that a lot of teachers lack today. Mrs. Gregg showed an enormous amount of patience to her students. If a student did not do their homework she never got frustrated instead she had many useful techniques to motivate her students to apply themselves. The way she approached a student who did not do their homework was by sitting next to them during class and by spending more time one on one with that student. There was never a wrong answer in her class and she encouraged her students to learn by reading stories, writing letters to each other and by drawing pictures. Mrs. Gregg always gave her students a hug just for showing an effort in her class, which showed me her love for us. The final yet greatest quality Mrs. Gregg possesses is that through her work she demonstrates her devotion to teaching. Anyone who knows her can see how committed she is to her work. She is one of those individuals who are gifted with the job that they do because she brings out the best qualities in her students. She inspires her students to be motivated to learn and to belief in themselves. In my opinion the greatest role model as a teacher is one who can achieve all these qualities and change lives like Mrs. Gregg has done already. The reason why I want to become a teacher is to help students be motivated to learn. I also want to make a difference in...

Fennec Fox Facts (Vulpes zerda)

Fennec Fox Facts (Vulpes zerda) The fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) is known for its huge ears and diminutive size. It is the smallest member of the canid (dog) family. Whether the fennec truly belongs in the genus Vulpes is debated because it has fewer chromosome pairs than other fox species, lives in packs while other foxes are solitary, and has different scent glands. Sometimes fennec foxes are known by the scientific name Fennecus zerda. Its common name comes from the Berber-Arabic word fanak, which means fox. Fast Facts: Fennec Fox Scientific Name: Vulpes zerdaCommon Names: Fennec fox, fennecBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 9.5-16 inch body plus a 7-12 inch tailWeight: 1.5-3.5 poundsLifespan: 10-14 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: North Africa and the Sahara DesertPopulation: StableConservation Status: Least Concern Description The fennec foxs most distinctive feature is its large ears, which may measure 6 inches. The ears help the fox identify prey at night and dissipate heat during the day. The fox is small, with a body ranging from 9 to 16 inches in length, plus a bushy 7 to 12 inch tail. Adults weigh between 1.5 and 3.5 pounds. The fennecs thick coat is cream-colored with a black-tipped tail. The fluffy coat insulates the fox against temperatures that range from below freezing at night to over 100 F during the day. Fur covers their paws, protecting them from getting burned by hot sand and improving traction on shifting dunes. Fennec foxes lack musk glands found in other fox species, but have glands on their tail tips that produce a musky odor when the fox is startled. Habitat and Distribution Fennec foxes live in North Africa and Asia. They range from Morocco to Egypt, south to northern Niger, and east to Israel and Kuwait. The foxes are most at home in sand dunes, but they will live where soil is compacted, too. Diet Foxes are omnivores. Fennec foxes are nocturnal hunters that use their sensitive ears to detect the movement of small underground prey. They eat rodents, insects, birds and their eggs, and also fruit and other plants. Fennecs will drink free water, but dont require it. They get their water from food, plus digging in the ground causes dew formation that the animals can lick. Behavior Fennec foxes communicate using a wide variety of sounds, including a purr resembling that of a cat. Males mark territory with urine. Other fox species are mostly solitary, but fennec foxes are highly social. The basic social unit is a mated pair and their offspring for the present and previous year. The group lives in elaborate dens dug into sand or compacted soil. Fennec fox kits are born with closed eyes and folded ears. Floridapfe / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Fennec foxes mate once a year in January and February and give birth in March and April. Gestation typically lasts between 50 and 52 days. The female or vixen gives birth in the den to a litter of one to four kits. A birth, the kits eyes are closed and its ears are folded over. Kits are weaned by 61 to 70 days of age. The male feeds the female while she is caring for the young. Fennec foxes reach sexual maturity around nine months of age and mate for life. They have an average life expectancy of 14 years in captivity and are believed to live about 10 years in the wild. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies fennec fox conservation status as least concern. The foxes are still abundant within most of their range, so the population may be stable. The species is listed under CITES Appendix II to help protect the foxes from international trade abuse. Threats The foxs most significant natural predator is the eagle owl. Fennecs are hunted for fur and trapped for the pet trade. But, the most significant threat comes from human settlement and commercialization of the Sahara. Many foxes are killed by vehicles, plus they may suffer habitat loss and degradation. Some people keep fennec foxes as pets. petrenkod / Getty Images Fennec Foxes and Humans The fennec fox is the national animal of Algeria. In some places, its legal to keep fennec foxes as pets. While not truly domesticated, they can be tamed. Like other foxes, they can dig under or climb over most enclosures. Most canine vaccinations are safe for fennecs. Although nocturnal by nature, fennec foxes (like cats) adapt to human schedules. Sources Alderton, David. Foxes, Wolves, and Wild Dogs of the World. London: Blandford, 1998. ISBN 081605715X.Nobleman, Marc Tyler. Foxes. Benchmark Books (NY). pp. 35–36, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7614-2237-2.Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffman, Michael; Mech, Dave. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. World Conservation Union. pp. 208–209, 2004. ISBN 978-2-8317-0786-0.Wacher, T., Bauman, K. Cuzin, F. Vulpes zerda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T41588A46173447. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41588A46173447.en

The Failure of Coca-Cola Blak Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Failure of Coca-Cola Blak - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that in the idea of products, the mind of the potential buyer is very important because it determines whether the consumer will buy it or not. The coca cola company chose to use to use iconic glass bottles in packaging this drink and topped it with some plastic cap which is not professional in marketing and promotion of a new product it needs to be packaged well in a way that it is pleasing to the customers from afar. In terms of place, the good was readily available though it could be distributed better by the leading supermarkets in the US. In promotion, this would involve creativity and imagination in order that the information about the product would be where other competitors’ information does not reach, though we find that the internet advertising is slowly replacing the traditional ways of promotion. The coca-cola company did not put this into consideration and no wonder the massive failure. The bottle also comes in a tightly wr apped plastic sleeve that did not allow the customers to see what was packaged inside unless the consumer poured a bit of it in some glass. Also, the drink was more of Dark Brown in color whereas the name suggested more of black in color. The name should give more details of the product. It was billed as carbonated fusion beverage which means that it is a fusion of coke and coffee though this is not mentioned anywhere in the packaging only shown in the ingredients list as almost the last and indicating coffee extracts. When the coca-cola company announced the launch of it in 2006, there was nothing in the search in support of the announcement and there was nothing in their website to support the product. The big brands should always take into consideration that the internet and the websites go a long way in marketing their new products because it helps to capture some buzz usually created by those huge announcements. In pricing, this company had failed because it was relatively expe nsive. Consumers will always choose to buy the cheaper goods in the market if the two goods will add the same value to their lives. In marketing this product, the market research would have been very important in knowing the companies that they would partner with in order to market the new product better. The promotions too were not to standard and the product would have or would do better if the marketing and promotion part did its work very well. The product was also a bit expensive considering that it was a new product on the market. It was also more expensive than what most people expected of the product. Coca-cola Blak is full of artificial sweeteners and so it does not have the gritty, sticky mouthfeel and it is not so much caloric. It gave a toffee scent on opening. It also gives a lightheaded, detached feeling. This drink was certainly unique and tasty. If it is marketed in the best way it would do very well in the market. The packaging of the soft drink should also be chang ed in order that it would be appealing to the consumer. In the business, for the product to have lived on and if it comes back to the market the company should ensure a very good mix of the very right product that the consumers need, the coffee being sold at the very right and convenient price and in the most convenient place and use the best efficient and suitable promotion strategy.

Pros and Cons of Religious Discrimination in the Workplace Research Paper

Pros and Cons of Religious Discrimination in the Workplace - Research Paper Example It is evident from the study that despite the unlawfulness of religious discrimination, it still however exists even in the United States. The number of complaints againt religious discrimination is even on the rise. The agency tasked to oversee labor practices in the United States, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission reported that religious discrimination in the workplace settings have more than doubled â€Å"from a little over a decade ago, resulting in roughly $10 million in settlements. Last year, nearly 3,800 were filed†. Despite the startling figure on how much it costs for companies to continue their discriminatory practices against religion, its end cannot yet be seen in the near future. Much of this discrimination cases against religion were against the Muslims. The disadvantage of religious discrimination is not only in the cost associated with settlements when a case is filed against the company. The biggest cost that is incurred against the company in this disc riminatory story is the one that cannot be easily counted which is lost productivity due to the dampened morale of employee or employees because of discriminatory practice. The court settlement and its associated costs during the litigation can easily be monitored by its receipts but opportunities lost had the worker or workers been motivated to work are not easily quantifiable. Religious discrimination is pernicious and is highly resented especially in America where practice that infringes on individual’s freedom is highly frowned upon.... This will translate to the markets negative perception of its stock, thus, it will follow that its stock price will decline due to the negative perception of the market. When that happens, returns to the shareholders will also decline. Thus, the evil cycle will begin with shareholders leaving the company aggravating the already negative perception on the company. In the end, the company may even go bankrupt just because of the market’s negative perception of the company with its labor practice. The general patronizing public will also tend to view the product of a company which practices religious discrimination negatively. When nobody is buying or availing a company’s product or services, it will naturally follow that the company will eventually fold. This only stresses the importance of a company to veer away from any form of discrimination be it religious or any form of discrimination such as race because it will affect their ethical practice which is critical in to Corporate Responsible Management (CRM) (Ellet 89) that will have a direct impact on the market perception on the company (Fischer et al 830). Corporate Responsible Management is important because it could determine how the general patronizing public and its shareholders will receive the company which is crucial in its viability as a company. Another obvious disadvantage of practicing religious discrimination is complication with the authorities. The government is very sensitive and particular against the practice of discrimination. Even if the company will not file a case, the government will file the case against the company if it believes that a company is guilty of

ICE Construction Contract

ICE Construction Contract The ICE Conditions of Contract 7th edition Measurement Version 1. Introduction The ICE contract has been around since 1945 and is intended for use on civil engineering work. Civil engineering work is fundamentally different from building work it involves fewer trades, but can be much bigger in scale; there is greater uncertainty in civil engineering work, particularly in ground works. When a site investigation takes place for building work, bore holes and trial pits usually give a good indication of the extent of ground water, rock and the like; in the case of a large reservoir, for example, it is impossible to be as certain. This in turn can mean that structural work needs to be varied. For these reasons the work has to be remeasured and valued as it progresses, the bill of quantities being approximate a point of confusion is when should work be measured and valued under the contracts variation provisions, and when should the remeasurement provisions be used. The bill of quantities therefore has two main functions; firstly, as a tendering document; and secon dly, as a basis for valuation. The contract does not recognise the existence of a quantity surveyor. All payment and valuation is by the engineer, although a Q.S. may actually do some of this work. This note does not cover everything in the conditions, but highlights some of the more contentious areas. 2. Discussion of Clauses Generally The clauses contain no punctuation. Only a court can decide where punctuation can go. Clause 1 definitions and interpretations Sub-clause (1)(c ) defines the Engineer. The Engineer is a person or Firm..This should be read in conjunction with clause 2(2)(a) the contractor must know who will be giving it instructions. Sub-clause (1)(v) defines the site. This can include other places and not just the land where work is taking place. Sub-clause (2) defines cost .all expenditure properly incurred or to be incurred whether on or off site including overhead finance and other charges properly allocatable thereto but does not include any allowance for profit. Clause 2 The Engineer and the Engineers Representative The Engineer Carries out duties specified in or implied by the contract Has the authority specified in or implied in the contract A named Chartered Engineer must act as the engineer if a firm is stated in the contract, a named individual must be nominated within 7 days of the award of the contract, and before the works commencement date The Engineer can be replaced the contractor must be informed The Engineers Representative Has more power than the clerk of works under JCT Engineers duties may be delegated, apart from decisions and certificates under 12(6), 44, 48, 60(4), 61, 65 or 66. Delegation shall be in writing with a copy to the contractor Assistants The Engineer or the ER may appoint assistants to assist the ER. Names shall be notified to the contractor. Assistants are purely concerned to secure the acceptance of materials and workmanship as being in accordance with the contract. They can issue instructions only in relation to these matters. Instructions Shall be in writing However, the contractor shall comply with oral instructions different from JCT. Oral instructions can be confirmed in writing by the contractor or Engineer no time limit, but as soon as is possible under the circumstances The Engineer or ER can be asked to specify under which of the Engineers duties or authorities the instruction was issued. It does not refer to an empowering provision, another clause in the contract, unlike JCT Clause 5 (documents mutually explanatory) This clause is very brief but highly contentious. On the face of it, it says that the various documents forming the contract shall be taken as mutually explanatory and any ambiguities shall explained and adjusted by the engineer who shall thereupon issue instructions in writing to the contractor. These instructions shall be regarded as instructions issued under clause 13. (More will be said about clause 13 later on!). Does this clause mean that only ambiguities and discrepancies included in the tender documents can be adjusted? If an error in the tender documents was so obvious when looking at the documents as a whole, should an engineer refuse to issue an instruction? Unlike JCT, the contractor does not have to notify the engineer about any matters requiring clarification. On the other hand the word shall imposes a duty on the engineer to issue instructions and does not confer any discretion on the engineer. It is curious that clause 13(3) refers back to clause 5 and allows for payment to be made to the contractor, but clause 5 itself makes no mention of payment. See also the comments on clause 8 below. Clause 7 (further drawings specifications and instructions) There are two classes of further drawings specifications and instructions: i). Those which amplify and explain what is already in the contract. ii). Those which require any variation to any part of the Works.. In this case the work is deemed to be a variation under clause 51 i.e. no formal instruction in writing is needed. The express link between clause 7 and clause 51 implies that the valuation rules under clause 52 should apply. It should also be noted that the contractor could be paid under clause 13, although clause 7 does not state this. Under sub-clause (1) the information shall be supplied from time to time. This means that the engineer can take into account the contractors actual progress on the job. Sub-clause (3) States that the contractor shall give adequate notice in writing. and sub-clause (4) allows for the contractor to be given an extension of time and extra costs if it is delayed by failure or inability of the Engineer to issue at a time reasonable in all the circumstances Drawings, Specifications or instructions requested by the contractor.. The words requested by the contractor are rather ambiguous is formal written notice under sub-clause (3) a condition precedent to the operation of sub-clause (4)? Clause 8(1) (contractors general responsibilities) Under this provision the contractor shall (a) construct and complete the works (the meaning of such phrases has already been covered) (b) provide all labour materialsand everything.required .for such construction and completion so far as the necessity for providing the same is specified in or reasonably to be inferred from the Contract. The highlighted words suggest that if ambiguities and discrepancies could be corrected by inference from other contract documents, then the contractor could not expect the engineer to act under clauses 5 and 13. Clause 10 (performance security) This very important clause will be discussed in the lecture on insurances and bonds. Clauses 11 and 12 (the basis on which the tender was based/ claims arising from adverse physical conditions and artificial obstructions) Clause 11 Sub-clause (1) under ICE 6 the employer was deemed to have made available to the Contractor, before submission of tenders, all information on ground works obtained by or on behalf of the Employer from investigations undertaken relevant to the Works. This meant that the employer should have given the contractor every piece of information about the site that was in the employers possession, and if he did not do so the contractor could have grounds for a claim under clause 12 irrespective of the contractors obligation to inspect the site under sub-clause (2). The wording has now been changed to reflect the fairer position that the contractor should have priced that job on the basis of the information actually passed to it (subject to its obligation to inspect the site under sub-clause (2). A new section (1)(b) has been added covering pipes and cables in on or over the ground. Second part of 11(1) the contractor is responsible for the interpretation of all such information for the purposes of constructing the Works. does this refer to the tender preparation or the work on site? Sub-clause (2) inspection of site the contractor is deemed to have (a) inspected the site (b) to have satisfied himself so far as is practicable and reasonable on (i) the form and nature of the ground (ii) the extent and nature of the work (iii) means of communication and access etc. to the site (iv) obtaining information as to risks contingencies and all other circumstances Sub-clause (3) basis and sufficiency of tender the contractor shall be deemed to have (a) based his tender on his own inspection and the information made available by the Employer or obtained by the contractor (b) satisfied himself as to the correctness and sufficiency of the rates and prices stated by him in the bill of quantities. Clause 12 Sub-clause (1) Has the Contractor encountered physical conditions (other than weather conditions or conditions due to weather conditions) or artificial obstructions which could not reasonably have been foreseen by an experienced Contractor? Clearly, foreseeability would need to be examined in the light of what information the employer passed to the contractor under 11(1) and the information that should have been gathered by the contractor under 11(2). If so written notice should be given Under sub-clause (2) the Contractor shall at the same time or as soon thereafter as may be reasonable inform the Engineer in writing pursuant to Clause 53 and/or Clause 44(1) that he intends to claim costs and/or time NB clause 53 has a 28 day limit! Sub-clause (3) requires the Contractor to give details of any anticipated effects of the physical conditions or artificial obstructions; measures he has taken or is taking; and anticipated effects, costs and delays in or interference with the carrying out of the Works (whether or not the contractor intends to submit a claim). Sub-clause (4) action by the engineer he may require the Contractor to investigate and report on alternative measures; he can give written consent to the measures taken by the Contractor; give written instructions as to how the physical condition or artificial obstruction should be dealt with; and he can order suspension under clause 40 or a variation under clause 51 Up to this point there is no admission of liability on behalf of the employer unless a variation has been ordered Sub-clause (5) if the Engineer decides that the physical condition or artificial obstruction could have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced Contractor then the Engineer shall inform the Contractor in writing however, any variation ordered under sub-clause (4)(d) shall be paid under Clause 52. Sub-clause (6) the engineer determines the delay and costs incurred with a reasonable addition for profit, and any extension of time provided that the conditions or obstructions could not reasonably have been foreseen by an experienced contractor. There is no need for the contractor to submit a separate claim for an extension of time under clause 44. Clause 13 Sub-clause (1) (work to be to satisfaction of engineer) Save insofar as it is legally or physically impossible the Contractor shall construct and complete the Works in strict accordance with the Contract.and shall comply with and adhere strictly to the Engineers instructions on any matter connected therewith (whether mentioned in the Contract or not). These words have barely changed over the years, and have been considered by the courts in several prominent cases. Consider the following scenario: A contractor is asked to forward a method statement with his tender. When the work starts it soon becomes apparent that the contractors method statement is impossible to work to, and he has to do the work in a more expensive manner. Can the contractor claim the extra costs involved? Sub-clause (2) states that the mode and manner of construction shall be to the engineers satisfaction. Sub-clause (3) gives the procedure for dealing with delay and extra costs. A final point to consider; should variations be issued under clause 51 or 13?! Clause 14 The Programme The programme under ICE has much more significance than under ICE, but not as much as under the NEC. It is, however, not a contract document. The programme should be submitted by the contractor within 21 days of the award of the contract. There are procedures for the Engineer to accept or reject the programme with reasons. In that case the contractor must amend and resubmit the programme. These procedures are all carried out in 21 day time frames. Together with the programme the engineer may request a general description of the arrangements and methods of construction. The accepted programme should be revised if the Engineer considers that the actual progress of work does not confirm to the programme. Clause 40 The Engineer may instruct the contractor to suspend the progress of the works or any part thereof. Subject to the exceptions listed, the contractor can be given an extension of time and costs. Clause 41 The contractor shall start the works as soon as is reasonably practicable after the works commencement date. The contractor should proceed with due expedition and without delay. Clause 44 The contractor should give notice within 28 days if the matters listed entitle him to an extension of time. Note sub-clause (1)(f) other special circumstances of any kind whatsoever This would be interpreted contra proferentem by a court. The Engineer shall make an assessment of the delay and notify the contractor in writing. The Engineer shall also make an assessment in the absence of a written notice from the contractor. The Engineer can make an interim extension award. This cannot later be reduced. The Engineer makes a further assessment at the due date for completion. Again, this cannot later be reduced. The Engineer makes a final determination within 28 days of substantial completion. Clause 46 If the Engineer considers that the contractors rate of progress is too slow, he may issue a notice to the contractor. The contractor shall then take steps to expedite the progress of the works. This is not acceleration. Acceleration is covered by sub-clause (3). Clause 47 liquidated damages Unlike JCT, the Engineer does not issue a notice of non-completion/ Note that under ICE, the deduction of LADs is suspended for the period of an intervening variation, then resumes. JCT does not specifically state this, but legally the position is the same. Clause 48 This covers substantial completion, which is different from practical completion under JCT. under ICE the contractor starts the procedure by notifying the Engineer; there is no such notice under JCT. The Engineer decides within 21 days. The work so certified shall have passed any final test. Outstanding work can be completed after substantial completion; there are no criteria defining when such work can so be permitted. Clause 49 Covers outstanding work. The contractor must continue insuring this work until it is accepted. Clauses 51 and 52 variations and their valuation These are similar to JCT. Note that if the contractor informs the Engineer that a rate for work not the subject of the variation is rendered inapplicable by the variation, the Engineer shall fix the rate. Clause 53 additional payments Claims are submitted under this clause, apart from any dealt with by clauses 12 or 13. Note that the basis of payment is cost, not loss and/or expense. Clauses 55-57 Measurement ICE is a measure and value contract, so procedures for remeasurement need to be included. The quantities in the BQ are estimates The Engineer ascertains by admeasurement Rates can be adjusted if the quantity of an item increases or decreases this is determined by the engineer after consulting the contractor The contractor is to be given an opportunity to attend for measurement if he does not, the Engineers measurements are taken to be correct. Remeasured work may be valued on daywork The method of measurement is CESMM unless otherwise provided in the contract Clause 60 Certificates and Payments The contractor prepares interim payment applications unless the contractor decides one is not needed Payments are made monthly A minimum amount stated in the appendix must be reached before a payment is made Interest is payable on overdue payments. This is in addition to the right of suspension under the Construction Act. Within 3 months of the defects correction certificate, the contractor shall forward to the Engineer a statement of final account. Within a further 3 months the Engineer issues the certificate. This is only a payment certificate and signifies nothing else. Clause 61 Defects Correction Certificate This is issued At the end of the DC period If more than one DC period applies, it is issued at the end of the last period Outstanding work under 48 must be completed Making good under 49 and 50 must be completed The certificate states the date when the contractor shall have completed his obligations to construct and complete the Works to the Engineers satisfaction. This is the most important certificate under ICE. Compare this certificate with the final certificate under JCT.

Importance of Ego

The Importance of Ego In the novella Anthem by Any Rand, the last two chapters play an important part in bringing together the text as a whole. The narrator transitions from third to first person narration after his escape from the dismal â€Å"utopian† society. Prometheus, the aforementioned narrator, recounts the history of man and his struggle to overcome oppression by greater forces and authoritarian figures. The author chooses to repeat symbols and words of individuality and the benefits of singular work.Any Rand uses her novella Anthem to promote the importance of individuality in all aspects of life. In her early life, the author, Any Rand, was exposed to brutal oppression and collectivist thinking. Any Rand, born â€Å"in SST. Petersburg, Russia in 1905† soon before the communist revolution occurred in 1917. Growing up she detested the institution she lived under, so she immigrated to America in 1926. Any Rand was educated in the USSR which gave her an upper han d that other American novelists didn't have. She had first-hand experience with communism which drove her to oppose It entirely.According to Rand, â€Å"no outside power has the right to demand† anything from an Individual or the work they can produce. In her lifetime, Rand wrote Atlas Shrugged, We the Living, the Fountainhead, and Anthem. Among other less popular works by the end of her writing career. These fictional books advocate Individualism and bravery in a despotic society. Any Rand died in New York City, NY in 1982, leaving behind her a legacy which fueled more complex and innovative thinking in future generations of readers and philosophers.The style of Any Rand's writing impacted the world of literature from the beginning. She â€Å"[defied] cultural and political trends† and â€Å"established a unique place† among fellow authors. According to Danna, â€Å"[Any Rand's] mind was utterly first handed† which proved to be very successful. Although at first she was misunderstood and deemed â€Å"immature† in a psychological sense, Any Rand became a reputable author through explanation of her philosophy: Objectivism. According to Stephen Cox, â€Å"Rand could not find a philosophy that reflected her beliefs† so she created a new philosophy entirely.The success of Objectivism was long lived by Any Rand thanks to her persistence and unconditional belief in the individual mind. Her â€Å"[works are] a protest to individual submission† and they â€Å"reject distinction† just as the Objectivism theory does. This is why in her works she focuses â€Å"inside the head† of the narrator rather than the importance of a solid plot. The psychological aspect of her philosophy is seen especially in Anthem where the mind of one man has been destroyed by the foundation which raised him.In Anthem there is no sense of religion, either, which was Any Rand's purpose In all of her novels. According personally to An y Rand, â€Å"religion Is nothing but a brutal attempt to subjugate the Individual mind† and individual goals each man should achieve. Objectivism Is solely a belief In one's own self. There Is no delve power or authoritarian force that can sway a person's decisions or thoughts to work for or against others. Individual power Is higher than corruption and collectivist ideology. Electives ideologists. In Anthem there is no distinct malevolent force, but citizens who have different hardwiring in their minds than Prometheus does. There is no villain, only â€Å"good against good-different† since villains are deemed irrelevant. For objectivism, it is more important to focus on the protagonist and their inner struggles ether than the community and how an antagonist may impair them. One of the most important aspects of Anthem is its connection to the younger audience.Prometheus is a young adult trying to find his place in a society where he does not fit. According to Karen Go uld ‘any young adult would benefit from Promethium's struggle with identity because it is so easily relatable to them. Anthem, being one of â€Å"Rand's simplest novels†, explains objectivism using â€Å"inner psychological states† which is a both practical and pleasing style of writing for any reader interested in studying Objectivism works. Effortlessly, Anthem brings together both a pleasing plot packed with Objectivism morals and ideas.The novel brings â€Å"the kind of intensity' a reader would think â€Å"could [change] the course of history': exactly what Any Rand imagined her work to do. The protagonists â€Å"never give up† their beliefs and â€Å"assert their†¦ Stubborn views† on their world. These morals are synonymous with the ideas of objectivism: to never give up an individual thought, or decision because of outside forces. Anthem promotes â€Å"outstanding moral character† and individuality simply and with intensity, not to bore young readers, but to draw them towards eating more complex objectivism works, such as the Fountainhead.Unlike many novels of the time, Any Rand chose to create an inner struggle for Prometheus to battle throughout the novel. The beginning shows his unwillingness to think other than â€Å"the individual cannot exist apart from the collective† society, regardless of his sinful thoughts. With each chapter a new part of individualism is revealed to Prometheus, but it is up to him to fit the pieces together. The â€Å"evil† that he is doing â€Å"does not bring him a†¦ Punishment† rather a â€Å"psychological reward† for thinking as a singular person.Closing out the book, Prometheus fully understands that â€Å"ego is†¦ A cause of splendor† for man. The last two chapters of the novel represent the anthem of people Just like Prometheus and Gaga. Each paragraph can be read as a hymn or chant of people who believe in the individual mind , the people of Objectivism. Prometheus reflects on the history of man being â€Å"enslaved by the gods† and â€Å"enslaved by other men† and how detrimental this was to the ego of man. In his lifetime, the authority oppressed his society, and completely erased any evidence of first person.The summary of the wow-chapter anthem is that the only freedom left for men is taken away only by other men' and each person has the ability to create the life they want, no superior being can control the fate of a person. Unlike the aforementioned critics, it can be speculated that Any Rand used religious symbols and illusions to make fun of religion as a whole. Ego is â€Å"[the] god that will grant [men] JOY' and Prometheus and Gaga are very similar to the biblical Adam and Eve. The use of gods and religious symbols in this book further supports Objectivism ideas. To worship the ‘Ego god' is to worship oneself.There is no god to worship but the power inside oneself. Many cr itics believe that because Any Rand was atheist, that the religious symbols in her books happened by mistake, or were In reality and in fiction, Any Rand was a strong believer in the individualist mind and the power of one. Compiling her complex background, the breakthrough philosophy of objectivism, and lack of religious beliefs, each of Rand's novels proclaim the values and ideas of objectivism starting with the most basic Anthem. Even after her death, Any Rand still makes a very large impact on modern society and advanced philosophy today.